希臘神話是故事的寶庫、人類的瑰寶。它孕育出盛極一時的古希臘文化這一西方文化的搖籃,所以,要了解西方文化,希臘神話不可不讀。但同時,希臘神話體系龐大、盤根錯節(jié),如不能理順其人物關(guān)系、故事勾連,只能留下人名難以記憶、情節(jié)支離破碎之印象,必然破壞它的整體美感!基于此,為了讓讀者清晰明白地了解希臘神話、切實感受它的無窮魅力,本書試圖用生動通俗的語言、環(huán)環(huán)相扣的邏輯、前后注解的方法、圖文并茂的手段,抽絲剝繭層層為您展開這一美麗畫卷。
侯繼迎,男,哲學博士,山東財經(jīng)大學馬克思主義學院教師,西南大學馬克思主義理論博士后研究人員。出版?zhèn)€人專著一部,合作專著三部,并在《哲學動態(tài)》《教學與研究》《東岳論叢》《理論探討》《西南師范大學學報》等刊物上發(fā)表學術(shù)論文數(shù)篇。
上卷
序·····················································································································1
第一編 兩個神族·························································································1
一、五大創(chuàng)世神·····················································································2
二、十二泰坦神·····················································································4
三、神王更迭·························································································7
四、奧林匹斯十二主神·········································································19
(一)宙斯 ·····················································································20
1. 宙斯與卡利斯托 ·································································22
2. 宙斯與伽倪墨得斯 ·····························································25
(二)赫拉 ·····················································································27
1. 赫拉與宙斯的性事紛爭 ·····················································30
2. 宙斯與赫拉的斗智斗勇 ·····················································31
(三)波塞冬 ·················································································32
(四)哈迪斯 ·················································································36
(五)雅典娜 ·················································································42
1. 雅典娜的身世 ·····································································42
2. 雅典娜的懲罰 ·····································································45
(六)阿爾忒彌斯 ·········································································48
1. 阿爾忒彌斯出生 ·································································48
2. 阿爾忒彌斯上位 ·································································51
3. 阿爾忒彌斯與阿克泰翁 ·····················································53
(七)阿波羅 ·················································································55
1. 阿波羅的成功上位 ·····························································55
2. 阿波羅的坎坷情路 ·····························································59
(八)赫淮斯托斯 ·········································································66
(九)阿瑞斯 ·················································································69
(十)阿佛洛狄忒 ·········································································75
1. 維納斯的愛情 ·····································································76
2. 丘比特的愛情 ·····································································80
(十一)赫爾墨斯 ·········································································88
1. 赫爾墨斯成功逆襲 ·····························································88
2. 赫爾墨斯與赫爾塞 ·····························································93
3. 赫耳瑪佛洛狄忒與薩耳瑪西斯 ·········································95
(十二)狄俄尼索斯 ·····································································97
1. 狄俄尼索斯的出生與撫養(yǎng) ·················································97
2. 狄俄尼索斯的漫游與凱旋 ·················································101
第二編 一位泰坦·························································································107
一、普羅米修斯造人與盜火·································································108
二、潘多拉的魔盒·················································································111
三、普羅米修斯的被縛與解放·····························································113
四、洪水滅世與重新造人·····································································118
五、“英雄時代”·················································································121
第三編 三大世家·························································································127
一、珀爾修斯世家·················································································128
(一)宙斯與伊俄 ·········································································128
(二)兄弟相殘 ·············································································133
(三)宙斯與達娜厄 ·····································································137
(四)珀爾修斯的偉大功績 ·························································138
1. 力斬美杜莎 ·········································································139
2. 石化阿特拉斯 ·····································································142
3. 拯救安德洛墨達 ·································································143
4. 誤殺外祖父 ·········································································146
(五)赫拉克勒斯 ·········································································149
1. 宙斯與阿爾克墨涅 ·····························································149
2. 赫拉克勒斯的降生與成長 ·················································154
3. 赫拉克勒斯的十二功績 ·····················································159
4. 赫拉克勒斯的求婚之路 ·····················································191
5. 赫拉克勒斯與翁法勒女王 ·················································195
6. 赫拉克勒斯的復(fù)仇之路 ·····················································198
7. 赫拉克勒斯的封神之路 ·····················································203
8. 赫拉克勒斯的后代子孫 ·····················································206
二、卡德摩斯世家·················································································208
(一)宙斯誘拐歐羅巴 ·································································208
(二)卡德摩斯創(chuàng)基業(yè) ·································································211
(三)安菲翁建忒拜城 ·································································217
(四)尼俄柏遭到報應(yīng) ·································································220
(五)俄狄浦斯的悲劇 ·································································223
1. 弒父娶母 ·············································································223
2. 流落異鄉(xiāng) ·············································································233
三、忒修斯世家·····················································································239
(一)雅典建城及王位更迭 ·························································240
(二)普洛克涅和菲羅墨拉 ·························································244
(三)厄瑞克透斯的女兒們 ·························································247
1. 普洛克里斯與刻法羅斯 ·····················································247
2. 克瑞烏薩與阿波羅 ·····························································251
3. 俄瑞堤伊亞和玻瑞阿斯 ·····················································260
(四)忒修斯出世 ·········································································262
(五)忒修斯回鄉(xiāng) ·········································································265
(六)忒修斯認父 ·········································································268
(七)忒修斯殺牛 ·········································································270
(八)忒修斯執(zhí)政 ·········································································275
(九)忒修斯交友 ·········································································278
(十)忒修斯娶妻 ·········································································280
(十一)忒修斯二婚 ·····································································281
(十二)忒修斯搶妻 ·····································································283
(十三)忒修斯之死 ·····································································384
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第四編 四次行動·························································································287
一、奪取金羊毛·····················································································288
(一)西緒福斯 ·············································································290
(二)阿塔瑪斯 ·············································································294
(三)克瑞透斯 ·············································································296
(四)伊阿宋回鄉(xiāng) ·········································································299
(五)阿耳戈遠征 ·········································································301
1. 偶遇女兒國 ·········································································304
2. 誤殺好國王 ·········································································306
3. 兩英雄離隊 ·········································································307
4. 殺掉賽拳手 ·········································································309
5. 解救菲紐斯 ·········································································310
6. 成功過撞巖 ·········································································311
7. 遭遇銅怪鳥 ·········································································312
8. 救下堂兄弟 ·········································································313
9. 美狄亞出場 ·········································································315
10. 美狄亞贈藥 ·······································································318
11. 伊阿宋斗牛 ·······································································322
12. 金羊毛到手 ·······································································324
13. 美狄亞殺弟 ·······································································325
14. 喀耳刻凈罪 ·······································································326
15. 塞壬的歌聲 ·······································································327
16. 墨西拿海峽 ·······································································328
17. 美狄亞完婚 ·······································································329
18. 利比亞遇險 ·······································································331
19. 殺死塔羅斯 ·······································································332
20. 伊阿宋回鄉(xiāng) ·······································································333
(六)伊阿宋復(fù)仇 ·········································································334
(七)伊阿宋負心 ·········································································336
(八)美狄亞殺子 ·········································································340
二、卡呂冬狩獵·····················································································342
(一)“殺豬大會”與墨勒阿革洛斯之死 ·································343
(二)阿塔蘭忒和希波墨涅斯 ·····················································347
三、七雄攻忒拜·····················································································351
(一)波呂尼刻斯借兵 ·································································351
(二)七雄攻打忒拜城 ·································································356
(三)安提戈涅葬兄長 ·································································363
(四)后輩英雄攻忒拜 ·································································367
(五)阿爾克邁翁弒母 ·································································370
四、特洛伊戰(zhàn)爭·····················································································373
(一)邁錫尼 ·················································································374
1. 阿伽門農(nóng)的曾祖父——坦塔羅斯 ·····································375
2. 阿伽門農(nóng)的祖父——珀羅普斯 ·········································378
3. 阿伽門農(nóng)的父親——阿特柔斯 ·········································380
(二)斯巴達 ·················································································386
(三)特洛伊 ·················································································389
(四)金蘋果之爭 ·········································································392
1. 珀琉斯的身世 ·····································································392
2. 忒提斯的婚禮 ·····································································395
3. 帕里斯的裁決 ·····································································397
(五)帕里斯誘拐海倫 ·································································400
(六)戰(zhàn)前動員 ·············································································406
(七)出征受挫 ·············································································412
1. 獻祭伊菲革涅亞 ·································································412
2. 誤傷忒勒福斯 ·····································································417
3. 拋棄菲羅克忒忒斯 ·····························································419
(八)戰(zhàn)爭前九年 ·········································································420
1. 正面交鋒 ·············································································420
2. 陷害戰(zhàn)友 ·············································································422
3. 清理外圍 ·············································································424
4. 談判失敗 ·············································································424
(九)戰(zhàn)爭第十年 ·········································································426
1. 阿喀琉斯的憤怒 ·································································426
2. 阿伽門農(nóng)的試探 ·································································431
3. 兩個丈夫的決斗 ·································································432
4. 整整一天的戰(zhàn)斗 ·································································435
5. 特洛伊人的勝利 ·································································444
6. 阿喀琉斯拒絕和解 ·····························································447
7. 希臘人夜襲敵營 ·································································448
8. 特洛伊再次勝利 ·································································450
9. 帕特洛克羅斯之死 ·····························································459
10. 阿喀琉斯重返戰(zhàn)場 ···························································465
11. 赫克托耳之死 ···································································474
12. 赫克托耳的葬禮 ·······························································477
13. 阿瑪宗女王之死 ·······························································481
14. 埃塞俄比亞國王之死 ·······················································483
15. 阿喀琉斯之死 ···································································487
16. 大埃阿斯之死 ···································································489
17. 歐律皮羅斯之死 ·······························································492
18. 帕里斯之死 ·······································································495
19. 盜取帕拉斯神像 ·······························································499
20. 木馬屠城計 ·······································································501
附:奧德修斯返鄉(xiāng)·················································································509
(一)奧德修斯的遭遇 ·································································510
1. 美酒與忘憂果 ·····································································510
2. 智斗獨眼巨人 ·····································································511
3. 風神埃俄羅斯 ·····································································516
4. 萊斯特律戈涅斯人 ·····························································518
5. 女巫喀耳刻 ·········································································519
6. 前往哈迪斯冥國 ·································································524
7. 海妖塞壬 ·············································································527
8. 墨西拿海峽 ·········································································528
9. 神祇的圈套 ·········································································530
10. 仙島思鄉(xiāng) ···········································································531
11. 海神的報復(fù) ·······································································535
12. 瑙西卡公主 ·······································································537
13. 在阿爾喀諾俄斯的宮中 ···················································539
14. 回到伊塔卡 ·······································································544
(二)伊塔卡的變故 ·····································································546
1. 求婚者胡作非為 ·································································546
2. 召開公民大會 ·····································································549
3. 尋訪皮洛斯和斯巴達 ·························································552
(三)奧德修斯復(fù)仇 ·····································································554
1. 忒勒瑪科斯歸來 ·································································555
2. 會見歐邁俄斯 ·····································································556
3. 父子相認 ·············································································559
4. 回到王宮 ·············································································563
5. 夫妻相見 ·············································································567
6. 誅殺求婚者 ·········································································572
7. 夫妻相認 ·············································································580
8. 大團圓結(jié)局 ·········································································582
后 記···············································································································587
在現(xiàn)代人的心目中,神話屬于豐富多彩的想象,生活才是不容置疑的真實,二者截然不同、涇渭分明。這種“自以為是”的想法導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果就是——一步步地遠離祖先思考問題和感受事物的方式。這種“遠離”同時也是成年人對自己童年的“背叛”,因為作為個體人的童年時代恰恰就是整個人類遠古時代的縮影。成年之后,我們之所以懷念童年,是因為它承載了太多的美好回憶:無憂無慮、天真無邪,以及屬于“無知”的那份純真與美麗,于是,“懷舊”便成為成年人的一種“通病”。
“一個成人不能再變成兒童,否則就變得稚氣了。但是,兒童的天真不使成人感到愉快嗎?他自己不該努力在一個更高的階梯上把兒童的真實再現(xiàn)出來嗎?”[ 《馬克思恩格斯選集》第2卷,人民出版社,2012年版,第711-712頁。]在沒有時間機器的情況下,神話是把我們帶回童年、帶到遠古的唯一方式。而要真切地實現(xiàn)這一點或者說真實地感受這一切,我們要做的最重要的事情就是讓那活靈活現(xiàn)的想象打倒謹慎行事的理性,清空橫亙在感覺器官與萬物自然之間的一切,貼近大地、親近海洋、聆聽飛鳥……總之,擁抱自然,或者更準確地說,“嵌入”自然。在這里,“我”不是主體,自然界也不是客體,因為“我”沒有從自然中抽離,自然也沒有把“我”當作星外來客,“天地與我并生,而萬物與我為一”(《莊子·齊物論》)。在此一境遇中,任何人走在林中、來到河邊、漫步田野之時,遇到威力無邊的巨神或美麗可愛的仙女都不會感到一絲詫異。
每個民族都有自己的神話,而希臘神話卻能從中脫穎而出,那是因為“有粗野的兒童和早熟的兒童。古代民族中有許多是屬于這一類的。希臘人是正常的兒童?!盵 《馬克思恩格斯選集》第2卷,人民出版社,2012年版,第712頁。]具體說來:
首先,古希臘人有著雄奇的想像力,他們的思想猶如脫韁的野馬插上了飛翔的翅膀,因此其創(chuàng)造的神話堪稱絢麗多姿、美輪美奐。但與此同時,另一方面,希臘神話盡管像其它神話一樣也有荒謬的情節(jié)卻又基本合乎常理,因為它注重鋪墊,每一個人物都有堅實的背景,令人害怕而又不合理性的東西在希臘神話中毫無容身之所,這就使得每一篇神話、每一個故事都給人一種真實可信、觸手可及的感覺。
其次,因其流傳久遠、版本眾多,每個民族的神話都會表現(xiàn)出一定的雜亂性,但與其他民族的神話相較,希臘神話則有著譜系更為分明、輩分更為清晰的特點。當然,希臘神話也并非本來如此,它是北方亞歐大陸印歐語游牧民族入侵者[ 主要是滌蕩高度發(fā)達的克里特文明、開創(chuàng)相對落后的邁錫尼文明的阿卡亞人。]粗獷勇武的神話、南方地中海世界精致優(yōu)美的神話和東方富有神秘主義色彩的神話交流融合、氤氳化生的結(jié)果,這不得不說是名副其實的“百川歸?!?。在這一過程中,處于“黑暗時代”[ 公元前11世紀,北方多利亞入侵者摧毀了邁錫尼文明,希臘歷史由此重回野蠻狀態(tài),直到公元前8世紀,城邦制的希臘文明崛起,這一時期被稱謂“黑暗時代”。因“荷馬史詩”成型于這段時間,故又稱“荷馬時代”。]末期的游吟詩人和處于城邦文明興起時期的系統(tǒng)敘事詩[ “系統(tǒng)敘事詩”大約盛行于公元前7—6世紀,是以神話和英雄傳說為內(nèi)容的古希臘史詩。敘事詩將分散凌亂的希臘民間神話傳說聯(lián)系為彼此相關(guān)的有機體系,并且填補和充實了荷馬史詩和赫西俄德作品中的許多忽略處與空缺處。(參見趙林:《西方宗教文化》,武漢大學出版社,2005年版,第21頁。)]作者進行了大量的編纂、整理與改造工作,功不可沒。
最后,也是最重要的一點,古希臘游吟詩人與傳奇作家完成了一件極其偉大的事情——把一個無比恐懼、讓人望而生畏的世界變成了一個美麗誘人、讓人心所向往的天堂。希臘人在神話上的一大革新是按照他們自己的形象——人的形象來塑造神祇,之前各族人民的頭腦中根本就沒有產(chǎn)生過類似這樣的念頭。古埃及的貓頭女身像、獅身人面像;美索不達米亞的鳥頭人身像、牛頭獅身像等等都體現(xiàn)了藝術(shù)家們決心要極力創(chuàng)造出世人見所未見、聞所未聞、與任何生物都不相像的“純想象”神祇,以供世人頂禮膜拜。希臘神話中也有稀奇古怪的形象——獅身人面斯芬克斯、蛇發(fā)女妖戈耳工、九頭蛇許德拉等等,但這些怪物并不產(chǎn)自希臘本土,而是來自埃及,且都是作為配角、負面角色出現(xiàn)在故事當中,其存在的價值基本就是充當各位英雄豪杰成就偉業(yè)的墊腳石。希臘人也創(chuàng)造,但他們的創(chuàng)造并不完全依靠頭腦中稀奇古怪的想象,其欲望在周圍世界的現(xiàn)實事物之中就得到了滿足:藝術(shù)家看到體魄強壯的運動員,于是創(chuàng)造了威力無窮的宙斯;看到風華正茂的年輕人,于是創(chuàng)造了動作敏捷的赫爾墨斯;看到風姿綽約的貌美少女,于是創(chuàng)造了美麗動人的維納斯……總之,希臘的一切藝術(shù)和思想都深深地扎根于現(xiàn)實人類世界。他們是神,因此他們大權(quán)在握、高高在上、發(fā)怒時確實十分可怕;但他們又來自于人,因此他們平易近人、非常親切、生活中又可隨意取笑。男神固然比男人更強大、女神固然比女人更美麗,但他們的性格弱點、道德缺陷卻也更加明顯與突出:宙斯十分好色,設(shè)計出各種各樣的辦法企圖對妻子掩蓋自己的風流韻事,卻每次都露出馬腳,狼狽不堪;赫拉妒意十足,想出各種各樣的巧妙又顯卑鄙的計策懲罰情敵,卻每次都無法最終得逞。這就是希臘神話所構(gòu)筑的盡管也有懲罰與恐懼但又極富人情味兒的世界,在這個世界里發(fā)生的故事具有娛樂性,但又不失教育性,二者協(xié)調(diào)的如此完美,到了讓人嘆為觀止的程度。
具體說來,“神人同形同性”是希臘神話最重要的特征。所謂“神人同形同性”,簡單地說,即是指神不僅擁有人的健美形體,而且具有人的七情六欲,因此亦可稱之為“神仙凡人化”。分開來看:“同形”——古希臘人按照人的形象創(chuàng)造了神,并認為神就是人的最完美的體現(xiàn)?!跋ED人竭力以美麗的人體為模范,結(jié)果竟奉為偶像,在地上頌之為英雄,在天上敬之如神明?!盵 【法】丹納:《藝術(shù)哲學》,傅雷譯,生活·讀書·新知三聯(lián)書店,2016年版,第57頁。]也就是說,神是具有超凡能力的有血有肉的生靈,他們具有人的形體,只是比人身材更高大、肌肉更發(fā)達、體魄更健壯、容貌更俊美!男神是比男人更男人的男人,他們一個個魁梧健壯,堪稱男人的標準、男人的典范;女神是比女人更女人的女人,她們一個個性感嫵媚,堪稱女人的標準、女人的楷模。“同性”——神祇也需要吃飯喝水,雖然他們吃的是仙丹神食、喝的是玉液瓊漿;神祇也有人的理智與情感、憂愁與煩惱,雖然他們高高在上,統(tǒng)治人類。更為重要的是,神之所以稱之為神并不是因為他們的道德境界有多么高尚,相反,人所具有的弱點神都具有,而且表現(xiàn)的比人更為突出、更為典型,他們尋花問柳、沾花惹草;貪婪自私、爾虞我詐;巧取豪奪、偷盜奸淫,無所不用其極。但所有這些非但沒有減弱反而極大地增強了希臘神話的魅力,因為它少了矯揉與造作,多了純凈與率真,一切都是無拘無束的真情流露、自由奔放的大膽表達,仿佛一下子讓我們回到了超越一切道德準則與規(guī)范的童年時代,想起了無傷大雅的惡作劇、找到了天真爛漫的純凈美。正因為如此,希臘神話才稱得上是人類文化史上一束不可多得的藝術(shù)奇葩。
希臘神話是故事的寶庫、人類的瑰寶,它孕育出盛極一時的古希臘文化,而古希臘文化又是整個西方文化的搖籃,所以,要了解西方文化,希臘神話不可不讀。但同時,希臘神話體系龐大、盤根錯節(jié),如不能理順其人物關(guān)系、故事勾連,只能留下人名難以記憶、情節(jié)支離破碎之印象,必然破壞它的整體美感!基于此,為了讓讀者清晰明白地了解希臘神話、切實感受它的無窮魅力,本書試圖用生動通俗的語言、環(huán)環(huán)相扣的邏輯、前后注解的方法,抽絲剝繭層層為您展開這一美麗畫卷!
希臘神話大體分為“神的故事”和“英雄傳說”兩個部分。本書共四編——第一編:兩個神族;第二編:一位泰坦;第三編:三大世家;第四編:四次行動。其中,“一位泰坦”指普羅米修斯,“兩個神族”指宙斯之前的舊神族——泰坦神族、以宙斯為首的新神族——奧林匹斯神族,這兩編屬“神的故事”;“三大世家”指珀爾修斯世家、忒修斯世家、卡德摩斯世家,“四次行動”指奪取金羊毛、卡呂冬狩獵、七雄攻忒拜、特洛伊戰(zhàn)爭,這兩編則屬“英雄傳說”。這種“一、二、三、四”的方式便于大家從整體上把握全書內(nèi)容和希臘神話的構(gòu)成。當然,在本書的最后部分,還附上了“奧德修斯返鄉(xiāng)”的故事,因為它既屬于“特洛伊戰(zhàn)爭”的后續(xù),又對整個希臘神話不可或缺。
另外,需要說明兩點:
第一,隨著時間的推移,希臘神話在傳播的過程中不斷被加工改造,因而同一個人物出現(xiàn)不同身世、同一個故事出現(xiàn)不同版本的情況經(jīng)常發(fā)生。有些人物、有些故事,就算是時間差不了多少的荷馬與赫西俄德之間也有不小的差異,更不用說后來了。現(xiàn)在相當多的希臘神話著作采用的方式是盡量將一個人物的各種身世、一個故事的各種版本一并列舉出來,這當然有助于讀者充分掌握材料,但同時也不可避免地會影響人物的統(tǒng)一性、故事的連貫性。以免使初學者陷入更大的混亂,本書在展開的過程中除十分必要,基本只選取其中一個比較符合前后邏輯的人物身世、故事版本來敘述,以保證其發(fā)展脈絡(luò)的順暢性。
第二,希臘神話涉及的人物眾多、名字較長且有諸多重名現(xiàn)象,導(dǎo)致許多讀者雖有了解希臘神話的強烈愿望,但在閱讀相關(guān)書籍的過程中得到的感受卻是:名字記不住,看了后面忘了前面,這樣一來,諸神之間、英雄之間、諸神與英雄之間的關(guān)系稀里糊涂、一團亂麻,最后只得放棄。本書采用“前后注解的方法”來解決這一問題,即前面故事中涉及到的人物后面可能要做詳細講述,后面故事中涉及到的人物前面可能已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過,在這種情況下,都會作出相應(yīng)注釋,標出參考頁碼,以便讀者前后對照,加深對人物的印象。
“序”要說的就是這些,現(xiàn)在讓我們開始回到那無限遙遠的時代,來感受神奇瑰麗的希臘神話帶給大家的無窮魅力吧……
在閱讀希臘神話相關(guān)書籍的過程中,讀者不僅覺得人名難記,故事散亂,而且對神祇之間、英雄之間、神祇與英雄之間的關(guān)系也感覺一頭霧水。本書語言幽默風趣,人物關(guān)系清晰,故事情節(jié)連貫,讓你欲罷不能。
第一編 兩個神族
希臘神話中,在我們所熟悉的以宙斯為代表的奧林匹斯神族之前,還有一個更為古老的泰坦神族,它們一起構(gòu)成新舊“兩個神族”。泰坦神族的統(tǒng)治被奧林匹斯神族暴力推翻,實現(xiàn)了新舊神譜的更迭。
一、五大創(chuàng)世神
話說,宇宙幻化之初、天地分裂之前,原是一片混沌,英文喚作Chaos,漢語音譯“卡俄斯”。若問這“卡俄斯”乃何方神圣?它不可描述、無邊無際、毫無秩序,可謂宇宙各元素融為一體、尚未分化的原初狀態(tài)。如要作個類比,就像中國古人所說的“元氣未分,混沌為一”、“天地未生,混沌一氣”。若再要說的形象點,也就類似現(xiàn)在的重度霧霾天。
這卡俄斯別的本事沒有,卻有一項“生命繁衍”的特異功能,它閑來無事、一時興起以“無性繁殖”的方式從自身內(nèi)部分裂出五個孩子:大地之神該亞、地獄之神塔耳塔洛斯、愛欲之神厄洛斯、黑暗之神厄瑞玻斯、黑夜女神倪克斯,這就是鼎鼎大名的五大創(chuàng)世神,他們構(gòu)成最古老的神祇,世界由此發(fā)端,希臘神話的美麗畫卷也由此慢慢鋪陳展開……
1、該亞:女,大地之神。隨后,她將成為故事的主角,所以在此暫且省略對她的介紹。
2、塔耳塔洛斯:男,地獄之神。他身處大地的最底端,后來成為一所監(jiān)獄,專門關(guān)押妖魔怪物、囚禁犯上作亂的神祇。除此,他還是有罪之人死后靈魂的歸宿。
3、厄洛斯:沒有性別,愛欲之神。因為他(她)既代表男性對女性的欲望,又代表女性對男性的欲望,當然還有男性對男性、女性對女性的欲望,所以搞的他(她)自己反倒不男不女。別看性別搞不清楚,但這位厄洛斯威力卻著實不小,他“能使所有的神和所有的人銷魂蕩魄呆若木雞,使他們喪失理智,心里沒了主意?!盵 【古希臘】赫西俄德:《工作與時日 神譜》,張竹明、蔣平譯,商務(wù)印書館,2016年版,第31頁。]正是他(她)催生了諸神之間的愛慕之情,進而可以享受兩性歡愉并擺脫無性繁殖的枯燥狀態(tài)。
4、厄瑞玻斯:男,黑暗之神。位于大地與冥府之間,也是地下世界的一個部分。人死后,靈魂便首先穿過黑暗,再到達冥府。
5、倪克斯:女,黑夜之神。她住在冥國的入口或冥河處,代表夜之本體。
身為愛欲之神的老三出生之前,大家根本不懂得男女情愛為何物、肉體結(jié)合又有何妙處?,F(xiàn)在有了厄洛斯不斷催情,五妹倪克斯又和四哥厄瑞玻斯住的那么近,于是他們經(jīng)常鬼混在一起,日久生情,“黑暗”加“黑夜”就有了月黑風高的茍且之事。完事之后,倪克斯神奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的肚子大了,一口氣生下三位古老的神祇——光明之神埃忒耳、白晝女神赫墨拉以及冥河艄公卡戎。除此之外,這位倪克斯自己還生育了:死神塔那托斯、睡神許普諾斯、不和女神厄里斯、欺騙女神阿帕忒、命運三女神摩伊賴等等。
這么多名字,一時哪能記得住?后面故事中露面的時候再說吧,他們即使出現(xiàn)也大多是“打醬油”的角色。但有一組神還是要引起我們的注意,那就是幾乎在所有的故事中都沒有正面現(xiàn)身但又無處不在的冷酷無情、鐵面無私的命運三姐妹——小妹克羅托負責紡織生命之線,二姐拉刻西斯負責丈量生命之線,大姐阿特羅波斯則隨時準備用剪刀剪斷生命之線。在希臘神話中,命運不是外在的異己因素,而是處于自身之中,主宰一切、不可抗拒的神秘力量!凡是命定的東西,一定會發(fā)生。不管你是庸庸碌碌的凡人、勇武好戰(zhàn)的英雄,還是永生不死的神祇,都無法逃避這把時刻懸在頭上的達摩克利斯之劍。
二、十二泰坦神
五大創(chuàng)世神的名字不大好記,但我們現(xiàn)在也沒必要都記住他們。在接下來要講的希臘神話中,名字最好記的老大“該亞”才是主角,至于那四個名字后面帶“斯”的只不過是“龍?zhí)籽輪T”而已,用到的時候再說吧!
接下來,讓我們以熱烈的掌聲歡迎大神“該亞”登場……
卡俄斯混沌一片,尚無神格,該亞堪稱世間第一神,享受著大地母親的萬分榮耀,但再牛的神也有孤單寂寞冷的時候,每逢此時,她就找弟弟妹妹聊聊天。不過,該亞后來發(fā)現(xiàn)聊了還不如不聊,因為他們都是什么地獄、黑暗、黑夜之類的,聊天只能給自己帶來負面情緒。一開始,該亞打心眼里瞧不起那位不男不女、沒有性別的老三厄洛斯,可是環(huán)視整個世間就他們這么幾個神,實在是沒什么選擇余地。于是,她就嘗試著和愛欲之神聊了幾次,結(jié)果這一聊不要緊,不知不覺中竟撩撥起了愛的沖動和欲望,這可怎么辦?。磕菐孜凰伎床簧?,愛欲之神又沒有性別。
百爪撓心的感覺實在不好受,急的上躥下跳的該亞一生氣、一狠心、一跺腳,我自己來——自己生、自己養(yǎng)、自己用。于是,作為大地女神的她靠單性生殖的方式生出了天空(烏拉諾斯)、海洋(蓬托斯)、山脈(烏瑞亞)、大自然(寧芙仙女[ 寧芙:山川、水澤、海島、樹林、草場等野外成精的眾仙女的統(tǒng)稱。她們是大自然的精靈,相貌美麗動人、性格活潑可愛,雖然會死,但不會老,有著天山童姥般的容顏。]),總之大地上的一切都誕生了。這時,該亞對兒子們下手了,先從老大開始吧:愛欲之神促使她“嫁”給了自己的大兒子——天空之神烏拉諾斯,其實這里談不上“嫁”,就是赤裸裸的肉體結(jié)合。
此時的我們也許會不由得驚呼一聲:??!母子結(jié)合?沒搞錯吧?這不是地地道道的亂倫嘛!各位讀者,在這里暫且允許您驚訝一下,但等您接著往下看希臘神話時就再也不會感到驚訝了,因為您會發(fā)現(xiàn)對希臘諸神來說,血親婚配根本不是事兒![ 關(guān)于這一問題的理論論述,可參看恩格斯的《家庭、私有制和國家的起源》一書。]再說了,創(chuàng)世之初,找遍整個宇宙就有限的那么幾個神,不將就也實在是沒辦法啊!實際上,我們得承認,由卡俄斯的無性生殖到該亞的單性生殖再到該亞和烏拉諾斯的兩性生殖,已經(jīng)是巨大的進步了。
烏拉諾斯、該亞夫婦結(jié)合后生出六個怪物:三個獨目神和三個百臂神。獨目神不是我們在海盜影片中經(jīng)??吹降南沽艘恢谎鄣莫氀埤埿蜗?,他們只在額頭中間長了一只大環(huán)眼;百臂神也不像中國神話中有一千只手卻只有一個頭的千手觀音,而是成套出現(xiàn)——一百個手臂五十個腦袋?!渡褡V》有言:“他們(百臂巨人——引者注)身材魁梧、力大無窮、不可征服。在天神和地神生的所有子女中,這些人最可怕?!盵 【古希臘】赫西俄德:《工作與時日 神譜》,張竹明、蔣平譯,商務(wù)印書館,2016年版,第32頁。]兄弟六個皆是長相怪異、面目猙獰、身材高大的巨人??吹竭@里,我們只能默默地說一句:近親結(jié)婚,害“神”不淺啊!
不過,這兩口子并沒有氣餒,六個不行,再來它一打,于是他們又生了十二個孩子——六男六女,也就是我們比較熟悉的十二“泰坦”[ “泰坦”也就是“無比巨大”之意,巨輪“泰坦尼克號”的名字即源于此。]。他們分別是六位男性泰坦:俄刻阿諾斯、科俄斯、許珀里翁、克利俄斯、伊阿珀托斯、克洛諾斯;六位女性泰坦:忒亞、瑞亞、忒彌斯、謨涅摩敘涅、福柏和忒堤斯。
1、俄刻阿諾斯:男,大洋之神。他與自己的妹妹、滄海女神忒堤斯結(jié)合,生育了三千男性河神及三千海洋女神。在后面的神話故事中我們會發(fā)現(xiàn),河神、海神等一切水神都具有非常強大的變身本領(lǐng)。[ 周作人在他翻譯的《希臘神話》一書的注釋中說:“水性最是變動無常,所以能變化成各種形狀?!保ā竟畔ED】阿波羅多洛斯:《希臘神話》,周作人譯,長江出版社,2018年版,第221頁。)]而且我們還會發(fā)現(xiàn),這從四面八方包圍陸地的三千海洋女神給眾多好色男神真是提供了十分豐富的資源!
2、科俄斯:男,智力之神。他見哥哥娶了妹妹,自己也趕快下手娶了一個——月之女神福柏。兩口子生下兩個女兒——無星無月的“暗夜神”勒托和星光璀璨的“星夜神”阿斯忒里亞。后來,宙斯的咸豬手伸向了這對姊妹花,性格火辣的妹妹阿斯忒里亞斷然拒絕,生性軟弱的姐姐勒托沒能逃離魔掌,為宙斯生下一對龍鳳胎——大名鼎鼎的第三代月神阿爾忒彌斯和第三代太陽神阿波羅。
3、許珀里翁:男,第一代太陽神。一共就這幾個妹妹,再不出手就晚了,于是他選擇了妹妹忒亞,生育了黎明女神厄俄斯、第二代太陽神赫利俄斯和第二代月神塞勒涅。
4、克利俄斯:男,生長之神。這位老兄見哥哥們都向親妹妹下手,面露鄙夷之色,批評他們這樣做是不對的!起碼也得找個關(guān)系遠點的吧,于是他娶了歐律比亞。歐律比亞是誰?前面說過,該亞與兒子的結(jié)合先從老大烏拉諾斯開始,后來她又和二兒子蓬托斯搞在一起,生了幾個兒女,其中之一就是這個歐律比亞。這么說來,克利俄斯的這個老婆實際上也就是母親和叔叔的私生女。他們兩口子生下珀耳塞斯、阿斯特賴俄斯和帕拉斯幾個子女。
5、伊阿珀托斯:男,靈魂之神。此時,老大哥俄刻阿諾斯的女兒們已長大成人,俗話說女大十八變,越變越好看,這叔叔一看眾多侄女長的這么漂亮,干脆自己先在里面挑一個吧,省的便宜了別人。就這樣,三千海洋女神之一的克呂墨涅成了他的妻子,后來證明這位大神的眼光還真是不賴,克呂墨涅給他生下了四個赫赫有名的泰坦兒子:阿特拉斯、墨諾提俄斯、普羅米修斯和厄庇墨透斯,后面的故事中他們將悉數(shù)登場。
6、忒亞:女,璀璨之神,許珀里翁之妻。
7、瑞亞:女,時光之神。小老弟克洛諾斯娶她為妻,后來這兩口子可發(fā)達了,因為丈夫克洛諾斯推翻了父親烏拉諾斯的統(tǒng)治成為第二代神王,瑞亞也就升格為第二代神后。夫婦兩個生下了六個孩子,分別是后來的灶神赫斯提亞、農(nóng)產(chǎn)女神得墨忒爾、天后赫拉、冥王哈迪斯、海神波塞冬和第三代神王宙斯。
8、忒彌斯:女,正義之神。嫁給了宙斯,在宙斯的七個老婆中排行老二,生時序三女神。
9、謨涅摩敘涅:女,記憶之神。嫁給了宙斯,在宙斯的七個老婆中排行老五,與宙斯同寢九晝夜生下掌管文藝和科學的繆斯九女神。
10、福柏:女,第一代月神,科俄斯之妻。
11、忒堤斯:女,滄海之神,俄刻阿諾斯之妻。
12、克洛諾斯:男,天空之神,瑞亞的丈夫,后來篡位成功,坐上了第二代神王的寶座。
此時,烏拉諾斯、該亞是第一代神王、神后,他們與子女十二泰坦及其后代共同統(tǒng)治著整個宇宙。
三、神王更迭
該亞是大地,烏拉諾斯是天空,天空俯視大地、大地仰望天空,按理說應(yīng)該是比較和諧的兩口子。但問題是:當時天地一體,尚未分離,天空覆蓋著大地,二者大小一樣、完全疊合,每一塊土地都有一塊天空粘合其上。除此之外,更為關(guān)鍵的是,烏拉諾斯的性欲極其旺盛,每天無所事事,只知道在大地的懷抱里無休止地發(fā)泄獸欲。該亞頓時覺得喪失了存在感,完全成了老公泄欲和生子的工具,此時的地母對于自己當初沒耐得住寂寞生了這么個兒子一事真是連腸子都悔青了。
不止如此,當該亞給老公生下第一批孩子——三位獨目巨人和三位百臂巨人的時候,烏拉諾斯就抱怨不已,嫌棄老婆生的這些孩子質(zhì)量太次,都是些丑陋無比的怪胎。面對這種抱怨,該亞盡管在背后也流了不少傷心的眼淚,但看了看奇形怪狀的孩子們還是選擇默默地忍了。當?shù)诙⒆印┨股癯錾?,該亞發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子的質(zhì)量明顯提升了:眼睛都是兩個、頭也成了標配的一個、胳膊的數(shù)量雖然還是有點多,但一眼看過去也基本能數(shù)清了,心想這下老公該滿意了吧!但沒有任何情感經(jīng)驗的她哪里知道,男人一旦不喜歡你了,怎么做都是錯的。面對孩子,烏拉諾斯?jié)M臉的憎惡和憤怒,接下來對老婆就是一頓奚落和嘲笑:“你看看你生的這孩子,不還是些丑陋、龐大的怪物嘛?。亢⒆舆@么難看,你讓我這一代神王的臉往哪里擱?你再看看我,是多么地英俊瀟灑、風流倜儻,我真懷疑這孩子是野種,看見他們我就覺得自己頭上的帽子發(fā)綠,還是給你還回去吧!讓他們重新回爐可能還會好點?!庇谑牵瑸趵Z斯不容分說又將這些孩子塞回到妻子該亞的肚子里。
你想想,面對這樣的丈夫,作為妻子的該亞能不生氣嗎?第一,你整天壓在我身上發(fā)泄獸欲,讓我年紀輕輕就對夫妻生活產(chǎn)生了恐懼。第二,孩子長得難看也不能光怨我,孩兒他爹也有責任啊!第三,懷疑我出軌?我倒是想找情人,也得有機會啊,你一刻不離在我身上壓著,我出的哪門子軌啊?還有那更可惡的第四點,十月懷胎容易嘛?超大嬰兒好生嘛?好不容易一個個生下來了,你倒好又給塞回去了,讓我忍受兩次痛苦。
該亞越想越氣,這日子沒法過了,連個娘家也沒有的她無處訴苦,決定進行無情的報復(fù)。但自己能力有限,關(guān)鍵時刻還得靠兒子,她趁烏拉諾斯睡著時,用腹語對肚子里的泰坦孩子們訴起了苦,并添油加醋地訴說丈夫如何侮辱了他們母子,鼓勵他們聯(lián)合起來反抗父親的統(tǒng)治并將其殺掉。聽到這些話,孩子們嚇壞了:烏拉諾斯巨大無比、力大無窮,整天壓在母親的身上,想要打敗他可不那么容易,起來造反可不是鬧著玩的。該亞一看這情形,必須出狠招了,遂告訴兒子們:“不管你們中的哪一個帶頭除掉那可惡的父親,他將有權(quán)繼承王位,成為新一代神王?!边@個誘惑實在是太大了,最小的也是野心最大的兒子克洛諾斯站了出來,答應(yīng)幫助母親推翻父親的統(tǒng)治。
母子二人制定了一個極其狡詐陰險的計劃……
該亞告訴小兒子:“就在前不久我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己又懷孕了,因為這次是在夫妻二人剛剛大吵一架之后懷的孕,心情不好導(dǎo)致懷的是個怪胎——一塊巨大的金剛石,我已在體內(nèi)將其打造成一把鋒利無比的鐮刀,你如此這般,大事必成?!?
克洛諾斯依計行事,他在母親的肚子里手持鐮刀,埋伏在烏拉諾斯和該亞交合的地方窺伺著機會。這樣的機會不難等,天天都有。當父親又一次在母親身上發(fā)泄淫威的時候,“克洛諾斯從埋伏處伸出左手,右手握著那把有鋸齒的大鐮刀,飛快地割下了父親的生殖器”[ 【古希臘】赫西俄德:《工作與時日 神譜》,張竹明、蔣平譯,商務(wù)印書館,2016年版,第33頁。]。烏拉諾斯被閹割的那一瞬間感覺不對,疼痛得吼叫一聲,轟然而起,天地連接的紐帶斷了,從此分離,成了“太監(jiān)”的烏拉諾斯永遠固定在世界的最高處,再也不敢下來。
神是永生不死的,但烏拉諾斯失去了生殖能力,也就喪失了天父的資格。
緊接著,克洛諾斯順勢把父親的生殖器用力扔向遠處,在空中飛的過程中許多精血滴到大地之上,其實也就是該亞身上,因為她就是大地女神。這樣一來,該亞躺著中槍了,又孕育出怪物巨人族、復(fù)仇三女神和自然神女們。而那個生殖器最后落到了大海里,激起了很多泡沫,《神譜》的說法是“一簇白色的浪花”[ 【古希臘】赫西俄德:《工作與時日 神譜》,張竹明、蔣平譯,商務(wù)印書館,2016年版,第33頁。]。其實哪里是什么“浪花”,分明就是烏拉諾斯的精液,從這些精液中誕生了我們極其熟悉的金發(fā)碧眼、天使面孔、魔鬼身材的阿佛洛狄忒(意即“浪花所生的女神”)[ 赫西俄德說,因為女神是“從男性生殖器產(chǎn)生的,故又名‘愛陰莖的’”。(【古希臘】赫西俄德:《工作與時日 神譜》,張竹明、蔣平譯,商務(wù)印書館,2016年版,第34頁。)]。當然作為中國人更為熟悉的是她的羅馬名字——維納斯,克洛諾斯這一“扔”無疑完成了由極丑到極美的轉(zhuǎn)換。
第一代神王烏拉諾斯的統(tǒng)治就這樣被自己的小兒子推翻了,大事即成,克洛諾斯趕緊招呼哥哥姐姐們從母親的體內(nèi)出來,十二位泰坦、三位獨眼巨人和三位百臂巨人終于可以伸展一下腰身、呼吸一下新鮮空氣了。理所當然,富有造反精神的克洛諾斯被推舉為新一任武林盟主——也就是繼烏拉諾斯之后的第二代神王。
現(xiàn)在,再也沒有那可惡的丈夫壓在身上整天強暴自己了,該亞頓時覺得輕松了許多。但沒過多長時間,她又渾身不自在,心癢難耐,有一種說不出來的感覺。細想一下,原來愛神厄羅斯又上身了,不斷催生著她的情欲。于是,這位大地女神又找來第二個兒子海神蓬托斯與她共赴云雨,生下了表征大海各種屬性的五位兒女:海之友善——涅柔斯、海之奇觀——陶瑪斯、海之憤怒——福耳庫斯、海之危險——刻托、海之力量——歐律比亞。
克洛諾斯無心去管老娘的私生活,他登基坐殿沒多長時間,就娶了姐姐瑞亞為妻,變得和父親一樣整日里花天酒地、作威作福、專橫殘暴。但這種奢靡的享樂生活只是徒有其表,因為神王深知他的獨眼和百手兄弟們的強大,認為他們的存在是對自己王位的潛在威脅。因此,惴惴不安的神王終于設(shè)毒計將六個哥哥抓住并囚禁于塔耳塔洛斯地獄。但這樣做并不能使克洛諾斯徹底安心,因為他還有一個心結(jié)無法打開——那就是父親烏拉諾斯在離開大地之前發(fā)下的一個詛咒始終在耳邊回響:“你這個忤逆之子的命運和我一樣——也終將被自己的兒子所推翻?!边@個心腹事使克洛諾斯耿耿于懷、茶飯不香。最后,神王為了避免這可怕的詛咒,終于做出一個殘忍的決定:把妻子瑞亞給他生下來的孩子全部吃掉——目的是斷子絕孫,以絕后患。
瑞亞為克洛諾斯生了五個孩子,全都在分娩后即被父親一口吞下。想想就知道,老公當著妻子的面如此殘暴地吃掉自己身上掉下來的肉,當媽的能不傷心嘛???因此,在她第六次懷孕時,決心要保全此子。等到快要臨盆之際,瑞亞找了個借口和丈夫大吵一架,于是我們熟悉的場面出現(xiàn)了:老婆對老公撂下一句狠話——“不和你過了,以后自己在家煮泡面吃吧”,一跺腳回娘家了!該亞這當媽的一看閨女挺著個大肚子回來了,忙問怎么回事。瑞亞抱住母親哭訴一番。老媽一聽這還了得,這不是耽誤我抱外孫嘛!仔細一想,對了,不止外孫,還同時是孫子呢——女婿克洛諾斯也是自己的兒子??!姜還是老的辣,當天晚上,該亞就給閨女出了個主意,讓女兒依計行事。
第二天,瑞亞生下一個可愛的男嬰,他就是未來的第三代神王——大名鼎鼎的宙斯。既是奶奶又是姥姥的該亞將嬰兒抱到了克里特島上,交給瑞亞的侍女和祭司撫養(yǎng)。
第三天,克洛諾斯撐不住了,來到丈母娘家負荊請罪。一進門先認錯,承認都是因為自己不好惹得媳婦生氣,以后再也不會了,接著神王就迫不及待地問老婆是不是生了。該亞一聽這哪里是關(guān)心媳婦啊,心里惦記的分明是兒子——看來泡面吃起來還是不如孩子口感好??!該亞不動聲色,到里屋把女兒瑞亞叫了出來,勸女兒孩子都給人家生了,還能怎么著啊,趕緊跟丈夫回家吧!瑞亞遂告別母親,抱著“孩子”裝出一副極不情愿的樣子和克洛諾斯走了,在路上神王一把就將妻子懷里的襁褓搶了過來,看也不看把它一口吞了下去,這才心安。他哪里知道襁褓里包的根本不是嬰兒,而是一塊石頭。
在克里特島,瑞亞的侍女——伊達山寧芙仙女用蜂蜜和羊奶喂養(yǎng)小宙斯,祭司枯瑞忒斯跳起戰(zhàn)舞發(fā)出聲響掩蓋他的啼哭,以防被克洛諾斯發(fā)現(xiàn)。
在眾女仙的精心撫養(yǎng)和照料下,宙斯在島上很快長成一個英俊健壯的青年。生有三千個女兒的大洋神俄刻阿諾斯[ 俄刻阿諾斯就是前面說的十二泰坦中的老大,參見本書第 頁。]非常喜歡他,于是便把最富有智慧的女兒墨提斯嫁給他做妻子。瑞亞覺得已為人夫的宙斯是時候知道自己的身世了,就找機會向兒子傾訴了她的良苦用心。聽了母親的經(jīng)歷、父親的殘暴、兄弟姐妹的悲慘遭遇,年輕氣盛的宙斯氣憤不已,拍著胸脯發(fā)誓說一定要推翻父親的統(tǒng)治。但冷靜過后,仔細一想,父親克洛諾斯手里那把曾經(jīng)割下爺爺烏拉諾斯生殖器的鐮刀可不是好惹的,讓人看了實在是膽寒??!
遇到為難的事找老婆,人家墨提斯可是一位擁有無窮智慧和預(yù)知能力的聰慧女泰坦。賢內(nèi)助一出場,這都不是事兒!女神為宙斯配了一小瓶具有催眠和嘔吐作用的藥水,并教給他如此這般……
在神王克洛諾斯的高壓統(tǒng)治下,大家敢怒不敢言,表現(xiàn)出一副天下太平的景象。他對自己能想出把孩子們吞到肚子里這個辦法也頗為得意,所以整日里無所事事就以喝酒來消磨時光。瑞亞建議給丈夫配備一個專門為他倒酒的仆人,克洛諾斯自然非常高興,于是宙斯順利來到父親身邊。宙斯聰明伶俐,很快便博得克洛諾斯的歡心和信任。終于有一天,趁父親不注意,他將老婆墨提斯配的神奇藥水混入酒中,服侍克洛諾斯喝下。很快,克洛諾斯便昏睡不醒,在睡夢中還嘔吐不止,原來吃進肚中的五個孩子隨同食物一起都吐了出來,他們依次是赫斯提亞、得墨忒爾、赫拉、哈迪斯、波塞冬,當然還包括那塊被當作孩子吞食的一直沒有消化的石頭。神是永生的,不但不死,而且在克洛諾斯的肚子里面也不影響生長,所以現(xiàn)在他們皆已長大成人,其實力也已今非昔比。
宙斯將哥哥姐姐們召集在一起,說明了要推翻父親統(tǒng)治的想法,大家舉雙手贊成。但就這么幾個神畢竟勢單力孤,具體怎么造反,眾說紛紜、莫衷一是。這時,宙斯的賢內(nèi)助、智慧的墨提斯又站了出來,她提出“三步走”的具體戰(zhàn)略步驟:第一,建立革命根據(jù)地;第二,抓緊結(jié)婚生孩子;第三,團結(jié)一切可以團結(jié)的力量。
老婆指示已下達,話不多說,抓緊落實:第一步,宙斯在希臘東北部忒薩利亞地區(qū)找到了一座云霧繚繞的荒山——奧林匹斯山,把它當作革命根據(jù)地。話說,這奧林匹斯山本來是有主的,它的主人是俄刻阿諾斯的女兒——三千海洋神女之一歐律諾墨和丈夫俄菲翁的地盤,但后來這可憐的小兩口被叔叔克洛諾斯無故搶了宅子、占了地,趕回到海洋之中,奧林匹斯也就成無主荒山了。宙斯就在這里建立了他的大本營,開宗立派,稱為奧林匹斯派。第二步,宙斯兄弟幾個為革命工作“不辭辛勞”地忙活著結(jié)婚、找情人,造“神”工程開始了。有人會問,現(xiàn)在生孩子趕趟嘛?這一點大可放心,人家可是神啊,那孩子生下之后“見風長”,沒幾天就成年了,有效地充實了革命隊伍。第三步,宙斯開始進行輿論造勢,策反敵營:凡是現(xiàn)在投降過來的,既往不咎,革命勝利后保證你官升一級、工資翻倍;凡是反抗到底、死不悔改的,革命成功之后打入塔耳塔洛斯監(jiān)獄,萬世不得翻身。權(quán)力和金錢的誘惑果然有效,首先站出來表態(tài)的就是十二泰坦中的老大俄刻阿諾斯。想想也是,宙斯可是他從小就看上的乘龍快婿,老丈人怎么能不幫女婿呢!再說了,之前自己的女兒歐律諾墨被克洛諾斯打下奧林匹斯山的賬還沒算呢,新仇舊恨一起報吧!他這一站隊可不得了,那可是當時神界最大的家庭,宙斯的大舅子小舅子們——三千男性河神、大姨子小姨子們——三千海洋女神都來了。第一個來入伙的就是俄刻阿諾斯的大女兒斯提克斯一家:包括丈夫帕拉斯[ 帕拉斯是十二泰坦之一克利俄斯和歐律比亞的兒子,參見本書第 頁。]、兩個女兒“競爭女神”澤洛斯和“勝利女神”尼刻、兩個兒子“強力神”克拉托斯和“暴力神”比亞。為了表彰斯提克斯的英明決策,也為了表明自己說話算數(shù),宙斯令“強力”和“暴力”兄弟倆伴隨左右,成了他的貼身保鏢和忠實仆人。更為重要的是,自此以后,宙斯尊斯堤克斯為“守誓河”——即無論是誰,在必須發(fā)下誓言的時候,彩虹女神、神的使者伊里斯[ 伊里斯是海之奇觀陶瑪斯(參見本書第 頁)和三千海洋神女之一厄勒克特拉的女兒。]就下到冥界,用金杯裝來斯堤克斯的河水,眾神面對此水起誓。違背誓言的神,將會被罰九年有期徒刑——期間不得吃神食、不得飲仙酒、不得參加聚會,獨自渾渾噩噩、恍恍惚惚、孤苦伶仃、混天熬日,并被剝奪一切政治權(quán)利。
大家一看,投降果然是個不錯的選擇,于是陸續(xù)有些神——比如正義女神忒彌斯、記憶女神謨涅摩緒涅等也歸順了宙斯。其中特別值得一提的還有大名鼎鼎的普羅米修斯[ 普羅米修斯是十二泰坦之一伊阿珀托斯和三千海洋女神之一克呂墨涅的兒子,參見本書第 頁。],由于他具有未卜先知的能力,知道這場戰(zhàn)爭的最終勝利者是宙斯,所以就提前倒戈。跟著他一起來入伙的還有弟弟厄庇墨透斯,他沒有主見,哥哥一說也就跟著來了,而普羅米修斯的兩個哥哥——阿特拉斯、墨諾提俄斯——則不聽那一套,仍然留在克洛諾斯的陣營。
經(jīng)過一番招兵買馬,奧林匹斯派的實力不斷壯大,宙斯覺得造反時機已經(jīng)成熟,于是他公然對父親——正在統(tǒng)治天國的第二代神王克洛諾斯宣戰(zhàn),這就是希臘神話中著名的泰坦之戰(zhàn)。在這場戰(zhàn)爭中,泰坦神以忒薩利亞以南的俄特律斯山為根據(jù)地,而宙斯和他的兄弟姐妹們則占據(jù)著忒薩利亞以北的奧林匹斯山,雙方激戰(zhàn)了十年,打的昏天黑地,幾乎要毀掉整個宇宙,但始終難分勝負,這種膠著的戰(zhàn)況令宙斯愁眉不展。聰明的普羅米修斯早就知道打敗克洛諾斯的辦法,但他之前一直不說,因為他認為只有當戰(zhàn)爭打到這種程度時才能凸顯自己進言的重要性。這位泰坦神對滿面愁容的宙斯說:“現(xiàn)在戰(zhàn)爭雙方勢均力敵、難分伯仲,如果能有一支生力軍加入,那勝利肯定是屬于我們的?!敝嫠股畋碣澩?,但問題的關(guān)鍵是戰(zhàn)爭打到這個份上,哪來的生力軍???普羅米修斯不緊不慢地說道:“這生力軍不是別人,就是你那威力無比的六個大伯——被克洛諾斯囚在塔耳塔洛斯的獨眼巨人族和百臂巨人族?!敝嫠挂宦牷腥淮笪?,趕緊派人前去拯救他們,并許以優(yōu)厚的條件。兄弟六人到了地面之后,興奮之極,他們好久沒有見過天日了,宙斯又用一頓神界大餐盛情招待了諸位伯伯。為了報答這份恩情,再加上他們本來就對無故將其囚禁的克洛諾斯恨之入骨,所以心甘情愿為宙斯賣命。以工匠技藝聞名的獨眼巨人們?yōu)閵W林匹斯神打造了威力無比的武器——一根可以發(fā)射雷霆、閃電和霹靂的權(quán)杖送給宙斯,有排山倒海之威力的三叉戟送給波塞冬,而給了哈迪斯一副隱形頭盔和一把雙股叉;驍勇善戰(zhàn)的百臂巨人則在戰(zhàn)場上奮勇作戰(zhàn),堪稱以一敵百——因為他們都有一百只手。新生力量的加入立馬打破了平衡、改變了劇情,宙斯最終戰(zhàn)勝了克洛諾斯。
勝者為王敗者寇,為免除后患,宙斯依葫蘆畫瓢,用那把祖?zhèn)鞯慕饎偸牭秾⒗系寺逯Z斯直接閹割,并把那些頑固不化的泰坦族神靈囚禁在塔耳塔洛斯。為了避免這些人逃走再次興風作浪,他命令手下在監(jiān)獄四周建起青銅墻壁,再令三個百臂巨人負責看守。宙斯的這三個百臂伯父雖然說又一次回到了冥界,但他們的地位變了——由囚犯直接升級為監(jiān)獄長,閑著沒事的時候可以隨便提審、虐待幾個犯人,讓泰坦們也嘗嘗當年你們作威作福的時候兄弟我受的什么罪,所以三位倒也十分樂意。至于獨目巨人,因為他們手藝精巧、吃苦耐勞,就留在了宙斯的兒子火神赫菲斯托斯[ 關(guān)于赫菲斯托斯這位大神的故事,參見本書第 頁。]的鐵匠鋪里作幫手。
江山如此多嬌,偉大的勝利之后到了決定誰來作王的時候了,宙斯和他的兩個哥哥——哈迪斯、波塞冬[ 克洛諾斯吐出來的孩子一共五個,但那三個——赫斯提亞、得墨忒爾、赫拉都是女兒身,在男權(quán)社會沒有登基坐殿的權(quán)利。]互不相讓,他覺得自己在泰坦之戰(zhàn)中的貢獻無人能及,理應(yīng)當老大,但那二位爭辯說他們的貢獻也不小,而且論年齡,哪能輪的到你?就這樣,大小談判、圓桌會議開了無數(shù)次,不但毫無結(jié)果,反而是劍拔弩張,光桌子就拍壞了好幾張,眼看兄弟之間又要開戰(zhàn),那個狡猾的普羅米修斯又一次及時出現(xiàn)了。他提出一個自古至今屢試不爽,無比民主和絕對公平的辦法——拈鬮。抓到誰是誰,命中注定,愿賭服輸,三分天下——大海、冥界、天庭,大地則由三者共同管理,掌管天庭者為號令天下的武林盟主。結(jié)果,運氣還算不錯的波塞冬抓到了大海——成為海神;宙斯顫顫巍巍地展開紙團看到“天庭”倆字趕緊揉了揉眼睛,不敢相信自己真的成了第三代神王;這結(jié)果使哈迪斯一下泄了氣,自認倒霉的他只能統(tǒng)管那陰暗的冥界——成為冥王。最高統(tǒng)治者宙斯志得意滿,論功行賞之后終于得以安然地統(tǒng)治世界了,他和眾兄弟姊妹一同居住于巍峨的奧林匹斯山宮殿中,那里從不下雨,也無風雪,眾神整日暢飲美酒,縱情享樂。
然而,好日子總是短暫的,沒過多少年,新的反叛勢力又來攻打奧林匹斯山了。他是誰呢?就是地母該亞和弟弟地獄之神塔耳塔洛斯生的怪物提豐。前文提到,該亞是看不上這個弟弟的,別說嫁給他了,連聊天的興趣都沒有,所以她寧可獨自生孩子,然后再嫁給自己的兒子?,F(xiàn)在怎么又和弟弟鬼混在一起了呢?其實,該亞和塔耳塔洛斯的結(jié)合談不上任何感情因素,只有實用目的,那就是為了報復(fù)。原來,該亞當初保護宙斯活下來,只是為了抱孫子,沒想到這孫子長大成人后竟然把她那些“可愛的”、孤單寂寞時要履行丈夫職責的泰坦兒子們都給滅了,還把他們囚禁在暗無天日的塔耳塔洛斯那里,這就說不過去了,所以她一直懷恨在心。后來,該亞想出了一個辦法,打通弟弟塔耳塔洛斯這一環(huán)節(jié),因為泰坦神都在他那里關(guān)押著呢!怎么打通呢?塔耳塔洛斯身處冥界,老光棍一個,這就有辦法了——出賣色相。結(jié)果如何呢?對于色相,塔耳塔洛斯倒是來者不拒,但放人免談,因為他向來膽小怕事,否則也不至于連個媳婦都不敢出去搶,至今仍是光棍一根,像他這樣的哪敢得罪眾神之王?。??這下可把該亞氣壞了,把自己賠上了,事也沒辦成,還無處訴苦,等于吃了個啞巴虧。不過后來事情有了轉(zhuǎn)機——該亞發(fā)現(xiàn)這個兄弟倒是彈無虛發(fā),那一次以后竟然懷孕了,生下來一看還是個三胞胎——巨蟒皮同、怪物提豐和小妹厄喀德娜。這下該亞撲哧一笑、轉(zhuǎn)悲為喜,為什么呢?因為她對老二提豐太滿意了,這個兒子簡直可以說是戰(zhàn)斗力爆表。
提豐天生異象:人身蛇尾、渾身披著堅硬的鱗甲,身體高度超過所有山峰、橫向到達大地東西兩邊,長著一百個頭、比百手巨人還多出一倍,一百張嘴中噴出灼熱劇毒的火焰,并發(fā)出響雷般如牛叫、如獅吼、如犬吠等各種可怕的聲音。
該亞一看,這哪里還用得著你塔耳塔洛斯啊,我的兒子就直接把奧林匹斯神給滅了。于是,在母親該亞的受命下,提豐來到奧林匹斯山下挑戰(zhàn),揚言要開歷史的倒車——消滅宙斯,將泰坦巨神從冥淵中拯救出來,將天地重新融合,歸于混沌。
提豐揮動風暴之槌狂吼厲嘯,宙斯派下山來平定叛亂的大神都被擊成重傷;他又沖入海中,激起滔天巨浪,將海神波塞冬的戰(zhàn)車拽出水面。山上諸神哪里見過這等場面,心中一想反正天下也輪不到自己來做,犯不著為宙斯丟了老命——神雖然是不死的,但被關(guān)在提豐他爹那里也不是好玩的,因此他們便化為各種動物四散奔逃,不見了蹤影。但神王宙斯不打不行啊,提豐就是沖著他的王位來的。他只有堅守鏖戰(zhàn),獨自面對這個怪物,躲閃著它的致命火焰,并用手中的權(quán)杖不斷地對其放出閃電和霹靂。打了一段時間,提豐漸感不支,因為他體型太大飛不起來,只能在地面,而宙斯則在天上,你個子再高,也得仰面噴火,說實話頸椎有點受不了了。于是,提豐對宙斯說:“你仗著居高臨下的優(yōu)勢才能和我鏖戰(zhàn)到現(xiàn)在,如果你也在地面上肯定占不到任何便宜。”一聽這話,宙斯表示嚴重不服,誰怕誰啊,“刷”一下就下來了,和提豐來了個摔跤式貼身肉搏。豈知這下中了提豐的詭計,大家不要忘了他可是人身蛇尾,下半身一直盤踞在地面上。宙斯不明就里,一下就被提豐牢牢纏住了,他的霹靂閃電棒遠程攻擊可以,肉搏戰(zhàn)就無法發(fā)揮作用了。這可怎么辦啊?情急之下,宙斯往腰里一摸,突然摸到了那把祖?zhèn)鞯摹敖饎偸牭丁?,鋒利無比的刀子一下割傷了提豐。提豐疼痛難忍,宙斯趁機逃脫了他的魔掌。這次宙斯可學乖了——我就在空中往下轟你,再也不下來了。受傷的提豐又經(jīng)過一番苦戰(zhàn),不支倒地,宙斯趁機將其壓在西西里島的埃特納火山之下。
提豐雖被壓在山下,但他后來還是找了個媳婦。老婆是誰呢?就是同胞妹妹厄喀德娜,同為人身蛇尾的兩個怪物不用媒婆出面就走到了一起。這兩口子生下的孩子個個怪異、個個有名:雙頭犬歐特魯斯、三頭狗刻耳柏洛斯、九頭蛇許德拉、噴火怪獸喀邁拉、涅墨亞獅子、百頭巨龍拉冬、科爾喀斯惡龍、獅身人面獸斯芬克斯、透墨索斯惡狐、啄食普羅米修斯內(nèi)臟的惡鷹等眾多妖魔。在后面的神話中,正是這個怪獸軍團成為各路英雄豪杰降妖除魔的對象,好像他們的出現(xiàn)就是專門給英雄們的成名之路來提供墊腳石的。
提豐的暴動被平定后,各位大神沒事人兒似得又回到了奧林匹斯山上,一通溜須拍馬,大贊宙斯的威猛無敵,宙斯不計前嫌,又過起了太平日子。
若干年后,不甘失敗的該亞又一次慫恿她的巨人后代——就是烏拉諾斯的生殖器被克洛諾斯割下來扔到大海的過程中滴下來的血在大地上孕育出的怪物巨人族——反抗宙斯。但在宙斯的凡人兒子赫拉克勒斯[ 關(guān)于赫拉克勒斯的故事,參見本書第 頁。]與眾神的共同奮戰(zhàn)之下,最終巨人族敗北,也被打入了地獄。
這之后,就再沒有發(fā)生過大規(guī)模武裝反抗宙斯統(tǒng)治的事情了。
四、奧林匹斯十二主神
以宙斯為首的眾神因其居住在希臘東北部忒薩利亞地區(qū)的奧林匹斯山,所以被稱為奧林匹斯神族。這一神族共有十二位主神,下面我們就分別來看看他們的履歷和故事:
(一)宙斯
希臘名:宙斯;羅馬名:朱庇特
宙斯是第三代眾神之王,奧林匹斯十二神之首。他是雷神,掌握著使用萬鈞雷霆的大權(quán),其圣鳥為雄鷹。根據(jù)這一點,以后大家欣賞以希臘神話為題材的西方油畫作品時,凡是看到一個胡子拉碴的男人身邊有一只雄鷹,基本就可以斷定這個老頭子是宙斯了。
宙斯率領(lǐng)諸神打敗了其父克洛諾斯為首的泰坦神族,成為新一代神王,這一豐功偉業(yè)值得世人稱頌。但除此之外,在整個希臘神話中,坐天下的宙斯所干的事情基本就是玩弄各種陰謀詭計誘拐少女或劫掠美女了,他四處留情,卻大多始亂終棄。
首先,宙斯有七位妻子:
第一位:智慧女神墨提斯,俄刻阿諾斯與忒堤斯之女,就是給宙斯配神奇藥水令克洛諾斯又困又吐的那位。
第二位:正義女神忒彌斯,十二泰坦中的老八,和宙斯生下時序三女神。
第三位:海洋女神歐律諾墨,又是俄刻阿諾斯與忒堤斯之女??稍浀脷W律諾墨和丈夫俄菲翁被克洛諾斯趕下奧林匹斯山的情節(jié)?[ 參見本書第 頁。]宙斯幫小姨子報了仇,但條件是以身相許,就這樣他生生地拆散了夫妻二人。老婆被宙斯看上了,俄菲翁敢怒不敢言,帶著綠帽子悻悻地走了。歐律諾墨為宙斯生下“顧盼之間含情脈脈,令人銷魂蕩魄”[ 【古希臘】赫西俄德:《工作與時日 神譜》,張竹明、蔣平譯,商務(wù)印書館,2016年版,第54頁。]的美惠三女神。
第四位:豐產(chǎn)女神得墨忒爾,被克洛諾斯吞下去的孩子之一,宙斯的姐姐,她為宙斯生下女兒珀爾塞福涅。
第五位:記憶女神謨涅摩緒涅,十二泰坦中的老九,和宙斯一口氣在床上溫存了九晝夜,生下繆斯九女神。
第六位:暗夜女神勒托,十二泰坦中科俄斯與妹妹福柏的女兒,生下后來的月神阿爾忒彌斯和太陽神阿波羅。
第七位:天后赫拉,被克洛諾斯吞下去的孩子之一,宙斯的姐姐。生火神赫菲斯托斯、戰(zhàn)神阿瑞斯、青春女神赫柏和生育女神埃勒提亞。
這是宙斯的七位妻子,除了她們之外,宙斯的情人就不計其數(shù)了,舉例如下:
宙斯與風雨女神邁亞,生下神使赫爾墨斯
宙斯與忒拜公主塞墨勒,生下酒神狄俄尼索斯
宙斯與阿爾戈斯公主達娜厄,生下英雄珀耳修斯
宙斯與邁錫尼公主阿爾克墨涅,生下大力神赫拉克勒斯
宙斯與斯巴達王后勒達,生下英雄波呂丟刻斯和絕世美女海倫
宙斯與腓尼基公主歐羅巴,生下米諾斯、拉迪曼提斯和薩耳珀冬
……
宙斯這些情人和私生子的名字暫且不用記,后面的故事中他們都會作為主角一一出場。至于宙斯到底有多少個情人,又有多少個私生子,只能說注定永遠是個謎了。
風流成性的宙斯有一個好處,就是不像那些道貌岸然的偽君子,他從來不對別人掩飾自己的好色本性。無奈何,家里有個河東獅——赫拉,使他又不得不偷偷摸摸,在找情人這件事情上絞盡腦汁,玩弄各種詭計欺瞞赫拉,和老婆斗智斗勇。于是乎,這兩口子就上演了諸多情節(jié)曲折、險象環(huán)生的戲劇橋段,這不僅給文藝復(fù)興及其后來的油畫大師們提供了豐富的素材,也為我們茶余飯后平添了許多饒有趣味的談資。
奧林匹斯眾神變化多端,其中尤以宙斯為甚。這一技術(shù)被宙斯熟練地運用到泡妞這一畢生追求的偉大事業(yè)中去,他除了變成老鷹[ 宙斯變成老鷹劫走了美少年伽倪墨得斯(本書第 頁)和美少女埃癸娜(本書第 頁)。]、布谷鳥[ 宙斯變成布谷鳥誘騙了姐姐赫拉(本書第 頁)。]、天鵝[ 宙斯變成天鵝占有了美女勒達(本書第 頁)。]、公牛[ 宙斯變成公牛誘拐了美女歐羅巴(本書第 頁)。]等各種動物之外,還曾化作云[ 宙斯化作烏云霸占了美女伊俄(本書第 頁)。]、雨[ 宙斯化作黃金雨臨幸了美女達娜厄(本書第 頁)。]等自然現(xiàn)象來引誘無知少女,總之,在這件事情上宙斯可謂腦洞大開、無所不用其極。所以說,在以希臘神話為題材的油畫作品中,只要看到美女身邊依偎著一個色迷迷的牲畜,基本就可以斷定是老宙了。
以好色而著稱的宙斯為后世提供了許多美妙絕倫的泡妞故事,由于它們大都是某個完整故事中的一個橋段,所以放在后面敘述。在這里,讓我們首先了解兩則小故事,稍微展現(xiàn)一下老宙的色狼風采:
1、宙斯與卡利斯托
為了把妹,宙斯不只變化成動物、云雨之類,他還曾經(jīng)變成女人……
阿耳卡狄亞國王呂卡翁有一個美麗動人的女兒卡利斯托,她是宙斯之女——月亮神、狩獵神、處女神阿爾忒彌斯[ 關(guān)于阿爾忒彌斯這位大神的故事,參見本書第 頁。]的一個侍從。她一身獵裝,肩挎神弓,手持長矛,始終追隨在女神左右,而且卡利斯托也像她的女主人一樣發(fā)誓守著處女之身,終生不嫁。也正因為此,阿爾忒彌斯非常喜歡她。
一個炎熱的夏日,卡利斯托陪伴著阿爾忒彌斯在林中狩獵,女神安排她去追趕一頭受傷的野獸,美麗的女孩沿著野獸的足跡來到一片林間空地。她感到又熱又累,便躺在一棵大樹的綠蔭下休息,不知不覺竟睡著了。
萬能的宙斯時刻注意著人間的每一寸土地,生怕錯過一個美女。他偶然瞥見了離女兒的狩獵地不遠的草地上躺著的卡利斯托,這時他才發(fā)現(xiàn)原來女兒的侍從中竟然有這么一個美人胚子,這樣的機會怎能放過?于是,宙斯“對自己說:‘這回我偷偷干一回,我老婆肯定不會知道,即使知道了,挨一頓罵也值得,也值得!’”[ 【古羅馬】奧維德:《變形記》,楊周翰譯,上海人民出版社,2016年版,第59頁。]想到這里,他隱去神祇的痕跡、變身凡人來到卡利斯托身邊,輕輕地將其抱在懷中生怕把她驚醒。但卡利斯托還是醒了,睜眼發(fā)現(xiàn)正躺在一個男人懷中,可把她嚇壞了,自己對男人從來沒有感過興趣,平時連看都不看一眼,羞愧難當?shù)墓媚锺R上站起來逃走了。
宙斯這個情場老手在男女之事上多聰明啊,一眼就看透了美女的心思。他眉頭一皺,心生一計——你不是不喜歡男人嘛,那我就變性。宙斯搖身一變,變身為女兒阿爾忒彌斯,直接在卡利斯托奔跑的前方不遠處等著心上人自投羅網(wǎng)?;爬锘艔埖目ɡ雇心哪鼙娉稣婕?,一看到女主人可算放心了,頓時覺得有了依靠,一下子撲進了“阿爾忒彌斯”的懷中,向女神訴說起剛才的經(jīng)歷??ɡ雇兄鲃油稇阉捅?,正中神王下懷。宙斯開始不由自主地在女孩身上亂摸,卡利斯托似乎感覺不對,試圖再次從宙斯懷里掙脫。宙斯知道已經(jīng)瞞不下去了,還是輕車熟路——霸王硬上弓來的干脆??蓱z的卡利斯托沒有一點思想準備,她拼命反抗,可是無濟于事?;謴?fù)原形的宙斯畢竟是無所不能的,卡利斯托雖然打獵時有降龍伏虎的本領(lǐng),但哪有能力逃出宙斯的魔掌,好事得逞之后,老宙心滿意足地返回了天宮。
無辜失去處女之身的卡利斯托只能把眼淚往肚子里咽,默默地回到女神和女伴們身邊。這種難為情的事無處傾訴,平日里活波開朗的卡利斯托變的沉默寡言。更糟糕的是,百發(fā)百中的宙斯讓她懷孕了。不管如何遮掩,終于有一次,大家像往日一樣在露天公共澡堂——泉水里——洗澡時這個秘密還是被發(fā)現(xiàn)了。一貫以“心眼小”著稱的阿爾忒彌斯氣壞了,她覺得卡利斯托這個她平日里最喜愛的侍從背叛了她,女神聽不進女孩的任何解釋,將她逐出了領(lǐng)地。
無依無靠的卡利斯托孤身一人一邊哭泣一邊漫無目的地向前走去,她來到一片樹林的深處,覺得自己再也走不動了,就隨便搭了一個茅草屋住了下來。沒過多長時間,便生下一個男孩——阿耳卡斯,自此,母子二人相依為命、艱難度日。
一代神王宙斯固然厲害——可以變成女人誘拐無辜少女,可宙斯家里那位——天后赫拉也不是吃素的。她最終還是洞悉了這件事情的真相,特別是當她得知丈夫的這個小三連兒子都有了的時候,更是氣的暴跳如雷,心想我管不住老公還辦不了你嘛,發(fā)誓一定不會放過這個“狐貍精”——卡利斯托,讓她知道知道我一代天后的手段。
古往今來,不管是人還是神,在正室看到小三的那一刻,都會喪失理性。天后赫拉來到卡利斯托居住的茅草屋,一看見她就破口大罵,潑婦本性盡顯,不容分說,上去就抓住了卡利斯托的頭發(fā),惡狠狠地說:“你到處去勾引別人的老公,不就是仗著年輕貌美嘛,我要給你毀容!”說話間,赫拉暗施法術(shù),瞬間把天使般的卡利斯托變成了一頭大熊。手段得逞,赫拉心滿意足地回到了天庭。諸位可能會問,小三和老公生的私生子呢?赫拉難道就這么忍了?不要著急,陰險毒辣的中年婦女哪能放過他?更大的陰謀在后面呢!
可憐的卡利斯托現(xiàn)在只能發(fā)出像熊一樣的哀號,想起當年,手拿弓箭,在樹林里追逐猛獸的場景,再看看現(xiàn)在的自己,卻成了獵人的目標,整天東躲西藏,永無寧日,真是欲哭無淚、肝腸寸斷。
光陰荏苒,失去母親但仍不明真相的阿耳卡斯在附近獵人的撫養(yǎng)下已長大成人,像他的母親卡利斯托一樣,成長為一名英俊瀟灑的出色獵手。在赫拉的精心安排下,有一天,獵人阿耳卡斯手持長矛、身背弓箭正在林中尋覓獵物。忽然看見一頭母熊緩緩向他走來,不用問這只熊正是阿耳卡斯的母親卡利斯托。她一下認出了兒子,但又無法呼喊他的名字,只能不顧一切地向阿耳卡斯撲來,想擁抱一下朝思暮想的孩子??砂⒍ㄋ篃o論如何也不會想到這頭大熊竟是自己的親生母親??!英勇的獵人見大熊向他撲來,麻利地向后一閃,舉起長矛,用盡全身力氣向獵物刺去。
就在慘劇正要上演的那一刻,劇情發(fā)生了翻轉(zhuǎn)。洞悉一切的宙斯看到了這一幕,自己變性騙過卡利斯托和她發(fā)生一夜情之后就忙著去找別的女人了,沒想到兒子都這么大了,現(xiàn)在兒子要殺害親生母親,這還了得!他略施神法,把他們的兒子變成了一只小熊,這樣一來,阿耳卡斯便立刻認出了母親。
宙斯用腳趾頭也能想出這必定是家里那位母老虎想出的毒辣詭計,為使母子二人免得再遭赫拉毒害,宙斯將他們升到天界,成為天上的大熊星座和小熊星座。
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